Let me explain the differences between quercetin, dihydrate quercetin, anhydrous quercetin, and dihydroquercetin. Many of us in the extract industry may still find the distinctions between these compounds unclear. Here’s a summary that should help make things clearer!
Quercetin vs. Dihydrate Quercetin vs. Anhydrous Quercetin:
- Dihydrate Quercetin (the most common form): Quercetin in its most common form is dihydrate quercetin, which contains two molecules of crystallization water in its structure.
- Anhydrous Quercetin: This form is simply dihydrate quercetin with the two water molecules removed, making its structure free of any crystallization water.
- Dihydroquercetin: This is the reduced form of quercetin. It is produced by hydrogenating the double bond at positions 2 and 3 in quercetin’s core structure.
Solubility:
- Dihydrate Quercetin and Anhydrous Quercetin: Both forms are nearly insoluble in water.
- Dihydroquercetin: Unlike the other forms, dihydroquercetin is water-soluble due to the hydrogenation process.
Plant Sources:
- Dihydrate Quercetin and Anhydrous Quercetin: Both are derived from the flower buds of the Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora japonica L.). Anhydrous quercetin is obtained by heating dihydrate quercetin to 95-97°C to remove the crystallization water.
- Dihydroquercetin: There are two sources for dihydroquercetin. One is the hydrogenation of quercetin, and the other is extraction from larch tree segments.
Appearance:
- Color: All three forms (dihydrate quercetin, anhydrous quercetin, and dihydroquercetin) are yellow powders. Dihydroquercetin tends to be slightly lighter and brighter in color.
I hope this breakdown clarifies the differences. Feel free to leave any comments or questions!